![]() The musical Marinka (1945), with book by George Marion Jr., and Karl Farkas, lyrics by George Marion, Jr., music by Emmerich Kalman.Sarajevo (1940), a film directed Max Ophüls starts with Rudolf's death.Mayerling, a 1936 film directed by Anatole Litvak, with Charles Boyer and Danielle Darrieux, based on a novel by Claude Anet.Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Please reorganize this content to explain the subject's impact on popular culture, providing citations to reliable, secondary sources, rather than simply listing appearances. This article appears to contain trivial, minor, or unrelated references to popular culture. Charles I and his family went into exile in Switzerland after spending a short time at Castle Eckartsau. As a result, the Austro-Hungarian Empire ceased to exist and a republic came into being without revolution. The demands of American President Woodrow Wilson forced Emperor Charles I to renounce involvement in state affairs in Vienna in early November 1918. Emperor Franz-Joseph died in November 1916 and was succeeded by his grandnephew, Charles I of Austria. In 1914, the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand precipitated World War I. In any case, his death in 1896 from typhoid made his eldest son, Archduke Franz Ferdinand, the new heir presumptive. Franz-Joseph's younger brother, Archduke Karl Ludwig, was next in line to the Austro-Hungarian throne, though it was falsely reported that he had renounced his succession rights. Politically, Rudolf's death left Franz Joseph without a direct male heir. Empress Elisabeth was murdered while abroad in Geneva, Switzerland, in 1898 by an Italian anarchist, Luigi Lucheni. She wore black or pearl grey, the colours of mourning, for the rest of her life and spent more and more time away from the imperial court in Vienna. Rudolf's death plunged his mother into despair. Vetsera's private letters were discovered in a safe deposit box in an Austrian bank in 2015, and they revealed that she was preparing to commit suicide alongside Rudolf, out of love. The Emperor had Mayerling converted into a penitential convent of Carmelite nuns and endowed a chantry so that daily prayers would eternally be said by the nuns for the repose of Rudolf's soul. ![]() Vetsera's body was smuggled out of Mayerling in the middle of the night and secretly buried in the village cemetery at Heiligenkreuz. As suicide would prevent him from being given a church burial, Rudolf was officially declared to have been in a state of "mental unbalance", and he was buried in the Imperial Crypt ( Kapuzinergruft) of the Capuchin Church in Vienna. On 30 January 1889, he and the young Baroness were discovered dead in the lodge as a result of an apparent joint suicide. In late 1888, the 30-year-old Crown Prince met the 17-year-old Freiin ( Baroness) Marie von Vetsera, known by the more fashionable Anglophile name Mary, and began an affair with her. In 1886, Rudolf bought Mayerling, a hunting lodge. In 1886, the spouses were diagnosed with gonorrhea, which rendered Stéphanie sterile. Rudolf started having many affairs, and wanted to write to Pope Leo XIII about the possibility of annulling his marriage to Stéphanie, but the Emperor forbade it. Although their marriage was initially a happy one, by the time their only child, the Archduchess Elisabeth, was born on 2 September 1883, the couple had drifted apart, and he found solace in drink and other female companionship. In Vienna, on, Rudolf married Princess Stéphanie of Belgium, a daughter of King Leopold II of Belgium, at the Augustinian Church in Vienna. Nevertheless, his relationship with her was at times strained. In contrast with his deeply conservative father, Rudolf held liberal views that were closer to those of his mother. Bombelles had been the custodian of Rudolf's aunt Empress Charlotte of Mexico. In 1877, the Count of Bombelles was master of the young prince. ![]() After his death, large portions of his mineral collection came into the possession of the University for Agriculture in Vienna. Influenced by his tutor Ferdinand von Hochstetter (who later became the first superintendent of the Imperial Natural History Museum), Rudolf became very interested in natural sciences, starting a mineral collection at an early age. This did not change their relationship and Gisela remained close to him until she left Vienna upon her marriage to Prince Leopold of Bavaria. At the age of six, Rudolf was separated from his sister as he began his education to become a future Emperor of Austria. Rudolf was raised together with his older sister Gisela and the two were very close. He was named after the first Habsburg King of Germany, Rudolf I, who reigned from 1273 to 1291. Rudolf was born at Schloss Laxenburg, a castle near Vienna, as the son of Emperor Franz Joseph I and Empress Elisabeth. Garter encircled arms of Rudolf, Crown Prince of Austria
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